Week 12 - Computer Structure and Function

• Computer Architecture -> Those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program.
• Computer Organisation -> Refer to operational units and their interconnections that realise the architectural operation.

• Data Processing
• Data Storage
• Data Movement
• Control

• Data Processing
  • 
• Data Storage
  • Short-Term
  • Long-Term
  • 
• Data Movement
  • Input / Output (I/O)
  • Peripheral
  • Data Communication
  • 
• Control
  • 

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • Controls the operation of the computer and perform its data processing.
• Main Memory
  • Where the data is stored.
• I/O
  • Input / Output devices like keyboards, Monitors ,etc.
• System Interconnection (Buses)
  • The communication between the above 3.

• Control Unit
  • Send signals that control different components of the computer.
• Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
  • Performs the computers data processing function.
• Registers
  • The internal memory of the CPU
• CPU Interconnections
  • Provides communications between the components within the CPU

• World War II
• University of Pennsylvania
• 30 Tons
• 1500 sq. feet
• 18000 Vacuum tubes
• 5000 Additions per second
• Decimal (Not Binary)
• Manual Programming

• Stored-program concept
• IAS (Institute of Advanced Study) computer
• 1946-1952
• Binary

• 1000 Locations

• Words (40 bits) - Binary)

  • Number words

    • Sign magnitude

  • Instruction words

    • Has both left and right instructions

      • Each 20 bits long

      • 0-7 bits = Left Opcode

      • 7-19 bits = Left Address

      • 20-17 bits = Right Opcode

      • 28-39 bits = Right Address

• Computer Structure and Function

[](Week 13 - IAS Computer)