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Week 5 - Hashing

Hashing

Hashing functions allow us to take a variable length input (string, files, or disk) and produce a fixed length output.

  • MD5 (Message Digest 5) 128-bit
  • SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm) 160-bit
  • SHA-2 (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512)

Key characteristics

  • Given M, it is easy to compute h such that H(M) = h
  • Given h, it is hard to compute M (one way property)
  • Given M, it is hard to find another message M’, such that H(M)=H(M’) (Strong Collision Resistance)
  • Changing one bit of input changes ~50% of the output bits